a view from somewhere

¹[1:18 - 1:33] Situated knowledge acknowledges that science cannot come from “a view from nowhere” (Haraway). The term recognizes folks' expertise from their lived experience, which Ison elaborates on via her dad's intelligence.

²[1:18 - 1:33] Gieryn’s concept of boundary work – the idea that science has different norms to the different groups engaged in it – is highlighted in the same clip (Gieryn). Ison implies that school is used as a cultural boundary by folks who don't see laypeople as scientists.

³[1:41 - 2:03] Ison identifies a model of enacting expertise through language, similar to AIDS activists co-opting medical terminology to gain credibility (Epstein). She does this by describing how higher education creates a vocabulary that disenfranchises some people as non-experts while elevating others as experts.

⁴[2:47 - 3:48] The deficit model argues that scientific controversies emerge because people don't understand facts (Miller). Ison talks about Stockton's school districts and outlines types of privilege - not ignorance - as a reason why people in the Stockton community aren't as worried about exposing their kids to pollutants.

⁵[3:08 - 3:45] Nouri's ideas of progress fit the Enlightenment view of progress, not the technocratic view (Marx). He describes progress as neutral, with its impact depending on its application, which models the Enlightenment view: new technology is a means for progress, not synonymous with progress.

⁶[0:00 - 0:14] One of the forms of ignorance detailed by Tuana is when "we do not know that we do not even know" (Tuana). Nouri similarly defines this ignorance in relation to future scientific and technological discoveries.

⁷[1:05 - 2:19] Nouri sees video games as time-wasters, confidence-boosters, a source of fond memories, and a way to connect with family and friends. His views reflect the social constructivist theory of technology, the idea that human action shapes technology -- Nouri is able to use video games multiple ways while growing up (Bijker).

⁸[1:57-2:05, 2:10 - 2:36] Barrairo describes the way binaries shape technology, focusing on how they can be restrictive and forbidding ("Binaries"). Their descriptions also illuminate the co-production of humans and technology ("Coproduction").

⁹[2:10-2:36, 2:50-3:02] Scripts are a construction of social life that predetermine expression ("Scripts"). Barrairo describes their early childhood and the gender binary as ways they were initially pushed into said binary.

¹⁰[2:10-2:36, 2:50-3:02] The lack of focus on technologies for folks with disabilities, which Barrairo describes, is an example of undone science - a field of science generally ignored, despite calls from social organizations for more attention to that cause (Frickel, Scott, et al).

• Bijker, W.E. “Social Construction of Technology.” International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001, pp. 15522–15527., doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03169-7.
• “Binaries.” Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/binaries.
• Buchbinder, Mara, et al. "Script." Somatosphere. Nov. 17, 2014, http://somatosphere.net/2014/script.html/.
• “Coproduction.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coproduction.
• Epstein, Steven. “The Construction of Lay Expertise: AIDS Activism and the Forging of Credibility in the Reform of Clinical Trials.” Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 20, no. 4, 1995, pp. 408–437., doi:10.1177/016224399502000402.
• Frickel, Scott, et al. “Undone Science: Charting Social Movement and Civil Society Challenges to Research Agenda Setting.” Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 35, no. 4, July 2010, pp. 444–473, doi:10.1177/0162243909345836.
• Gieryn, Thomas F. Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1999.
• Haraway, Donna. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” Feminist Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, 1988, p. 575., doi:10.2307/3178066.
• Marx, Leo. "Does Improved Technology Mean Progress?". Technology Review, 1987, pp. 33-41, 71. 
• Miller, Steve. “Deficit Model.” Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication, doi:10.4135/9781412959216.n74.
• Tuana, Nancy. “The Speculum of Ignorance: The Women's Health Movement and Epistemologies of Ignorance.” Hypatia, vol. 21, no. 3, 2006, pp. 1–19., doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01110.x.